Efficacy and safety of aerosol inhalation of polycolistin B in patients with severe pneumonia combined with mechanical ventilation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of aerosol inhalation of polycolistin B in the treatment of severe pneumonia combined with mechanical ventilation， and to provide a reference of real-world data for clinical drug therapy. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 87 patients with severe pneumonia combined with mechanical ventilation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January 2021 to February 2023. According to route of administration， all patients were divided into combined group （24 cases， receiving aerosol YXH2021ZX013） inhibition of polycolistin B combined with intravenous dripping） and routine group （63 cases， intravenous dripping of polycolistin B alone）. The differences in efficacy （mortality，clinical response rate and bacterial clearance rate）and safety （elevated serum creatinine， bronchospasm and skin pigmentation） were compared between two groups； the influential factors of primary outcome index as mortality were analyzed through univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In terms of efficacy， there were no statistical differences in mortality（37.50% vs. 41.27%， P＝0.749）， clinical response rate （54.17% vs. 55.56%， P＝0.907） and bacterial clearance rate （45.83% vs. 44.44%， P＝0.907） between the two groups. In terms of safety， the incidence of bronchospasm in the combined group was significantly higher than that of the routine group （12.50% vs. 0， P＝0.028）， but the differences in incidence of elevated serum creatinine and skin pigmentation between two groups were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. Univariate analysis showed that the moralities were higher in the case of infected with Acinetobacter baumannii， Klebsiella pneumoniae and combined use of quinolones （P＜0.05）； multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that infection with A. baumannii （OR＝3.36， P＝0.014） and combined use of quinolones （OR＝3.54， P＝0.013） were independently associated with mortality （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS For severe pneumonia patients with mechanical ventilation， intravenous dripping of polycolistin B combined with aerosol inhalation does not show superior efficacy compared with intravenous dipping of polycolistin B alone， but significantly increases the incidence of bronchospasm. Infection with A. baumannii and combined use of quinolones are independent risk factors for the increase of mortality.

Guideline for clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine (2022 version) / 中国中药杂志

Currently,the research or publications related to the clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine are increasing,which attracts the broad attention of all circles. According to the completed clinical evaluation report on Chinese patent medicine,there are still practical problems and technical difficulties such as unclear responsibility of the evaluation organization,unclear evaluation subject,miscellaneous evaluation objects,and incomplete and nonstandard evaluation process. In terms of evaluation standards and specifications,there are different types of specifications or guidelines with different emphases issued by different academic groups or relevant institutions. The professional guideline is required to guide the standardized and efficient clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine and further improve the authority and quality of evaluation. In combination with the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine and the latest research achievement at home and abroad,the detailed specifications were formulated from six aspects including design,theme selection,content and index,outcome,application and appraisal,and quality control. The guideline was developed based on the guideline development requirements of China Assoication of Chinese medicine. After several rounds of expert consensus and public consultation,the current version of the guideline has been developed.

Research progress on the relationship between air pollution and gestational diabetes / 中华预防医学杂志

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications and has serious implications for the health of mothers and their offspring. In recent years, studies have confirmed that air pollution is one of the main risk factors for diabetes, and there is increasing evidence that air pollution exposure is closely related to the occurrence of gestational diabetes. However, current studies on the association between air pollutant exposure and the incidence of gestational diabetes are inconsistent, and the window period of pollutant exposure is still unclear. Limited mechanistic studies suggest that airborne particulate matter and gaseous pollutants may affect GDM through multiple mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress, disruption of adipokine secretion, and imbalance of intestinal flora. This review summarizes the relationship between air pollutant exposure and the incidence of GDM in recent years, as well as the possible molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of GDM caused by air pollutants, in order to provide scientific basis for preventing pollutant exposure, reducing the risk of GDM, improving maternal and fetal outcomes and improving the quality of the birth population.

Overview of systematic reviews of Chinese herbal injections for sepsis / 中国中药杂志

In this study, an overview of systematic reviews/Meta-analysis(SR/MA) of Chinese herbal injections for sepsis was performed to provide references for clinical practice and promote the quality improvement of clinical evidence. Eight Chinese and English databases such as CNKI, Medline, and EMbase were electronically searched for SR/MA of Chinese herbal injections for sepsis from database inception to June 2022. AMSTAR 2, PRISMA 2020, and GRADE system, combined with Recommendations for Clinical Evidence Grading on Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Evidence Body, were applied to evaluate the methodological quality, reporting quality, and evidence quality of the included articles. Twenty-seven articles of SR/MA were included, containing four Chinese herbal injections(Xuebijing Injection, Shenfu Injection, Shenmai Injection, and Shengmai Injection). AMSTAR 2 checklist showed that the methodological quality of the SR/MA ranged from moderate to very low. Item 2(prior study design) was the critical item with poor scores, and the non-critical items with poor scores were items 3(explain the selection of the study designs), items 10(report on the sources of funding), and items 16(conflicts of interest stated). In terms of PRISMA 2020, items in eight topics with complete reporting of missing>50%, including search strategy, certainty assessment, results of syntheses, certainty of evidence, registration and protocol, support, competing interests, availability of data, code and other materials. The included SR/MA involved 30 outcome indicators. Evidence quality of mortality, APACHE Ⅱ, and safety, the top three outcome indicators, was evaluated, and all of them were graded as the medium level. The lack of random allocation sequence, allocation concealment mechanism, blinding, and trial sample size was the main reason for the reduction of the evidence level. The available evidence shows that Chinese herbal injections can serve as an effective and safe adjunctive treatment for sepsis, which can reduce mortality, inhibit inflammation, improve coagulation function, and regulate immune function, tissue perfusion, and oxygenation in patients with sepsis. However, the quality of SR/MA was suboptimal, and more high-quality SR/MA is needed to provide evidence to support the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal injections in the treatment of sepsis.

Clinical trials and evaluation of Chinese patent medicine for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中国中药杂志

The clinical randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) were reviewed and analyzed to provide references for clinical research, guideline development, policy formulation, and quality improvement of clinical evidence. On the basis of the collection in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) Clinical Evidence Database System(EVDS), CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase were searched for RCTs of Chinese patent medicine for COPD as a source of clinical evidence from database inception to December 31, 2019. The publication time, sample size, intervention and control measures, course of treatment, outcome indicators, and methodological quality of the trials were analyzed and evaluated. A total of 733 RCTs of Chinese patent medicine for COPD were included, among which 228 RCTs had a sample size higher than 100, accounting for 31.1% of total RCTs. Eighty-eight Chinese patent medicines were involved, including 40 oral medicines and 48 injections. A total of 327 RCTs mentioned intervention and control measures(Chinese patent medicine + conventional treatment vs conventional treatment), accounting for 43.0%. In addition, 94.40% of the RCTs reported the course of treatment, and 53.20% of the RCTs determined 8-14 d as the intervention course. The evaluation indicators adopted were numerous, among which physicochemical indicators(70.57%) and symptoms/signs(24.35%) were the most frequently employed. The operation of allocation concealment and blinding was not standard. Registration and the procedure related to ethics were mostly missing. The results indicate that there are prominent methodological problems in the clinical trials of Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of COPD, affecting the reliability and practicability of the trials. It is necessary to further standardize the design, implementation, and quality control of clinical trials of Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of COPD, highlight the clinical value of Chinese patent medicine for COPD, and improve the quality of evidence.

Clinical trials and evaluation of Chinese patent medicine for pneumonia / 中国中药杂志

The present study reviewed the clinical randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of Chinese patent medicine for pneumonia to provide references for clinical research, guideline development, and policy formulation, and promote the quality improvement of clinical evidence. On the basis of the collection in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) Clinical Evidence Database System(EVDS), CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed were searched for RCTs of Chinese patent medicine for pneumonia from database inception to December 31, 2019. A total of 1 245 RCTs were included, involving 84 Chinese patent medicines, including 45 oral medicines and 39 injections. Specifically, 85.9% of RCTs had treatment course not exceeding 14 d; 43.3% of RCTs had a sample size of more than 100 cases and 6.1% of RCTs more than 200 cases; 13 types of interventions/controls were included in the RCTs, with Chinese patent medicine + western medicine vs western medicine as the top one used(32.6%). In outcome indicators, symptoms/signs(3 285) and physicochemical detection(2 066) were the most frequently applied. In the methodological evaluation, "allocation concealment" was not clearly described or mentioned in 71.2% of RCTs, and "blinding" in 23.9% of RCTs met the normative standards. Registration and research ethics were not clearly reported. There are many methodological deficiencies in terms of design and implementation in included RCTs, which may impact the reliability and practicability of the results of RCTs. Additionally, key standards were unclear(such as disease classification methods and selection of core outcome indicators). In conclusion, RCTs should give priority to the preciseness and scientificity of the protocol, strengthening quality control of the processes and accelerating the standardized research of key links.

Clinical trials and evaluation of Chinese patent medicine for influenza / 中国中药杂志

The clinical randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of influenza were reviewed and analyzed to provide basic information for clinical decision and related research. On the basis of the collection in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) Clinical Evidence Database System(EVDS), CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, EMbase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs of Chinese patent medicine for influenza published from database inception to July 25, 2021. The publication time, sample size, intervention and control measures, course of treatment, outcome indicators, and methodological quality of the trials were analyzed and evaluated. Ninety-two RCTs of Chinese patent medicine for influenza published between 2005 and 2021, were included, among which 17 RCTs(18.48%) had a sample size higher than 200 and the average sample size was about 145. Twenty-seven Chinese patent medicines were involved, including twenty-one oral medicines and six injections. The Chinese patent medicines in trials reported in more than five papers included Lianhua Qingwen Capsules/Gra-nules, Tanreqing Injection, and Reduning Injection. Fourteen intervention protocols were reported, of which Chinese patent medicine+western medicine+conventional treatment vs western medicine+conventional treatment(20.65%) was the most frequently employed. Additionally, 85.87% of the RCTs reported the course of treatment, and 80.43% of the RCTs determined 3-7 d as the intervention course. Forty-five outcome indicators were extracted, which were used 434 times, including symptoms/signs, physicochemical detection, safety events, TCM symptoms/syndromes, quality of life, long-term prognosis, and economic evaluation. Symptoms/signs(61.52%) exhibited the highest frequency. Methodological problems were prevalent in the included trials. The findings reveal that there are few clinical trials on influenza treatment by Chinese patent medicine, and the methodological problems are prominent, affec-ting the reliability and practicability of the trials. In the future research, the value characteristics of Chinese patent medicine should be highlighted and the quality control in the whole process should be strengthened based on the scientific and rigorous design.

Clinical trials and evaluation of Chinese patent medicine for heart failure / 中国中药杂志

The present study systematically collected, analyzed, and evaluated randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of heart failure to provide references for follow-up clinical research design, guideline update, and policy formulation, and promote the improvement of clinical evidence quality. On the basis of the collection in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) Clinical Evidence Database System(EVDS), CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for RCTs of Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of heart failure from database inception to December 31, 2020. The di-sease type, publication time, sample size, intervention/control setting, course of treatment, evaluation indexes, and methodological quality were analyzed and evaluated. A total of 1 631 RCTs were included, including 1 622 in Chinese and 9 in English. It was first published in 1995, with the largest number of publications in 2016. There were only 56 RCTs(3.43%) with a sample size≥200. Seventy-eight types of Chinese patent medicines were involved, including 49 types of oral drugs and 29 types of injections. There were 34 intervention/control protocols, which were dominated by Chinese patent medicine+conventional treatment vs conventional treatment, accounting for 28.51%(n=465). About 94.0% of RCTs reported the course of treatment, mainly 14-56 days. The evaluation indexes were mainly physical and chemical tests and symptoms/signs, and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was the most frequently used measurement index. In enumeration indexes, clinical efficacy(response rate) was used the most frequently. Methodologically, 92.0% of the research subjects were rated as high risk of blindness. There were only 13 RCTs(0.80%) reporting registered information. It is necessary to further standardize the design, implementation, and quality control of clinical studies in order to improve the quality of evidence and avoid research waste.

Comparative study of FS-LASIK and FS-LASIK combined with accelerated corneal cross-linking for correction of high myopia in the early stage of refractive power and corneal high-order aberration / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To compare the change of refractive power and corneal high-order aberrations after femtosecond laser-assisted excimer laser <i>in situ</i> keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)and FS-LASIK combined with accelerated corneal cross-linking(FS-LASIK Xtra)for high myopia correction, and to evaluate the early effects of two surgical methods to correct high myopia. <p>METHODS:Retrospective case-control study. Totally 42 patients(84 eyes)with high myopia underwent FS-LASIK Xtra and FS-LASIK in our hospital from April 2019 to April 2020 were followed up for 3mo, including 21 patients in each group(42 eyes). The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), spherical equivalent(SE), astigmatism and corneal high-order aberration of the two groups were analyzed and compared.<p>RESULTS: The UCVA of the FS-LASIK Xtra group was significantly lower than that of the FS-LASIK group at 1d after surgery(<i>P</i><0.01), there was no statistical difference in UCVA at the other time points after surgery between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). The postoperative SE of the two groups was significantly lower than that before surgery, at 3mo after surgery, 38 eyes(90%)in the FS-LASIK Xtra group and 41 eyes(98%)in the FS-LASIK group had SE within ±1.00D. In both groups, 35 eyes(83%)had residual astigmatism within 0.50D after surgery. The total corneal high-order aberrations, spherical aberrations, coma and clover aberrations in the two groups were increased at 3mo after surgery, the total high-order aberration and clover aberration in the FS-LASIK Xtra group were greater than those in the FS-LASIK group(all <i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION:FS-LASIK and FS-LASIK Xtra have good effectiveness and predictability in correcting high myopia in the early postoperative period, the total high-order aberrations of the cornea both increased in the early postoperative period, and the patients who underwent FS-LASIK Xtra were increased significantly.

Preliminary exploration of the mechanism of Qingfei Paidu decoction against novel coronavirus pneumonia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology / 药学学报

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were applied to explore the mechanism of anti-coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) of Qingfei Paidu decoction. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man), GeneCard, STRING, and others online databases are used for building a series of network, and selecting the core target and analyzing the signal pathway. Finally, we make molecular docking predictions for the important compounds. The results showed that the Qingfei Paidu decoction compound-pneumonia target network contained 292 compounds and 214 corresponding targets, and the core targets involved AKT1 (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1), IL6 (interleukin 6), MAPK8 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8), MAPK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 1), and JUN (jun proto-oncogene). GO (Gene Ontology) function enrichment analysis yielded 858 GO entries, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment screening yielded 122 related pathways, including hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and Toll-like receptor (TLRs) signaling pathways related to pneumonia, as well as T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway related to lung injury protection. The molecular docking results showed that some core compounds of the Chinese herbal medicine of Qingfei Paidu decoction have a certain degree of affinity for 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) main protease (3C-like protease, 3CLpro) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In this paper, we preliminarily explored the potential therapeutic mechanism for Qingfei Paidu decoction to against COVID-19 and predicted the active ingredients. We hope that the results will help to the further study on the active ingredients and mechanism of Qingfei Paidu decoction to COVID-19.

Simultaneous determination of ten components in Shalian Hewei capsules by UPLC-MS/MS / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To establish a ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/ MS)method for the simultaneous determination of hesperidin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, palmatine hydrochloride, jatrorrhizine, berberine hydrochloride, coptisine, synephrine, alantolactone and isoalantolactone in Shalian Hewei capsules. Methods: An acqui ty UPLC BEH C 18(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm)column was used. The gradient mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic ac id. Mass data acquisition was performed with multiple reaction monitoring(MRM). Results : Excellent linear calibration curves were obtained for the ten components in the relevant concentration ranges(r=0.9991-0.9997). The precisions(RSD)for the ten compo nents were between 0.3% and 1.8%. The mean recoveries of the ten components were in the range of 91.5%-101.9%, with the RSD values of 1.1-5.1%. The contents of the ten components in 3 batches of samples were 5804.0-5825.6, 127.8-129.0, 26.6-27.0, 841.8-846.4, 439.6-443.2, 2797.2-2859.8, 776.8-800.2, 164.0-164.4, 1945.6-1952.8, and 2561.2-2578.0 μg/g, respectively. Conclusion: The compounds determined by this method are representative components in the compound preparation of Shalian He wei capsules, which could be used for quality and production process control of Shalian Hewei capsules.

Expression of hsa_circ_0019413 in the peripheral blood of patients with primary Sj?gren's syndrome / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression of hsa_circ_0019413 in the peripheral blood of patients with primary Sj?gren's syndrome (pSS) and its role in the development of pSS disease.Methods:Microarray screening of circ ribonucleic acid (circRNA) changes was first performed in the peripheral blood of 4 pSS patients and 4 healthy controls. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to verify the difference in the expression of hsa_circ_0019413 in the peripheral blood of 30 pSS patients and 30 controls. By establishing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the potential diagnostic value of hsa_circ_0019413 in peripheral blood was analyzed, and the expression level of hsa_circ_0019413 was correlated with the clinical presentations of patients with pSS.Results:① By microarray analysis, 437 circRNAs were differentially expressed between the two groups (FC≥2.0, P<0.05), of which 365 were up-regulated and 72 were down-regulated. ② The expression level of hsa_circ_0019413 in pSS patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls by qPCR. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). It showed that hsa_circ_0019413 in peripheral blood of pSS patients had potential diagnostic value by ROC curve analysis [area under the curve (AUC)=0.883, 95% CI (0.782, 0.984), P<0.01]. ③ The expression level of hsa_circ_0019413 was positively correlated with the ESSDAI, ANA, titer of the pSS patients by correlation analysis ( r=0.721, P=0.012; r=0.625, P=0.040), but not with (immunoglobulin (Ig)G or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Conclusion:Hsa_circ_0019413 in the peripheral blood may be involved in the development of pSS and may be a biomarker for the diagnosis of pSS.

The protective effect of curcumin on the lipid peroxidation caused by lead poisoning in rat / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effect of curcumin on the lead burden in lead-exposed rats, and to study whether curcumin can influence the lipid peroxidation caused by lead exposure.@*Methods@#A total of 70 rats of 21-day-old rats were divided randomly to 7 groups, the control group was given normal diet and drinking water, the curcumin group was given curcumin only 1 month after normal drinking water being given; the other 5 lead-exposed groups were given 2 g/L of acetate lead in free drinking water for 1 month and then randomly divided into lead-exposed group, low, medium and high concentration curcumin groups and Dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) group, relatively.Lead levels of lead-exposed rats were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and commercial kit was used to detect antioxidant enzymes, and glutathione related enzymes and lipid peroxides.@*Results@#The lead concentrations in the blood, hippocampus, liver and kidney of lead-exposed group increased, the levels of each group were (221.76±12.59) μg/L, (1.10±0.11) μg/g, (1.40±0.12) μg/g, (8.26±0.47) μg/g, and (57.58±6.09) μg/g, respectively; compared with the lead-exposed group, the lead concentrations reduced in the blood, hippocampus, liver and kidney significantly (F=90.67, 39.07, 27.34, 86.04, all P=0.000) in the curcumin-treated group, while the effect of curcumin in the bones showed no significant difference between groups(F=5.65, P=0.230). Lead could significantly improve the level of lipid peroxides in the serum and hippocampus, and curcumin-treated groups could significantly reduce the level of lipid peroxidation(F=58.03, 19.25, 32.27, 24.83, all P=0.000) and (F=28.18, 33.71, 38.95, 32.11, all P=0.000); lead could also reduce the antioxidant enzyme activity in the serum and hippocampus; curcumin-treated groups could significantly increase the antioxidant enzyme activity (F=18.24, 78.65, all P=0.000) and (F=13.68, 17.04, all P=0.000), respectively.The concentration in the curcumin group was better than that of DMSA group (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Curcumin can downregulate the lead concentrations in the blood, hippocampus, liver and kidney and improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes, inhibit the oxidative stress induced by lead, and thus resist the lead-induced damage.

The development of military preventive medicine of PLA in the past 70 years of China / 中华疾病控制杂志

Since the founding of the new China, military preventive medicine and health prevention workers in army closely around the military strategic approach in the different period of time, has made an important contribution in the maintenance of military health and combat effectiveness. At the same time, as an important health and epidemic force and mobile force in China, the army has actively participated in the disposal of various major public health emergencies and major pestilences outbreaks at the national and local places, and has made great achievements and set up great achievements.

Research progress on exposure levels and toxic pathways of typical persistent organic pollutants in foods / 中华预防医学杂志

Dioxins, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and benzo(a)pyrene are common organic pollutants in food. They have been of concern to academics and government administrations due to high residue and persistence, easy accumulation and strong harmful effects. The National Research Council of the United States of America published Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and Strategy in 2007, which proposed a new concept of toxicity testing that toxicity testing should take full consideration of population exposure data and base on in vitro tests, human cell lines, toxicity pathways and high-throughput screening. Meanwhile, systems biology, bioinformatics and rapid assay technologies will be used to better understand toxicity pathways—the cellular response pathways that can lead to adverse health effects when sufficient perturbing induced by chemicals exposure. The new toxicity testing strategy has changed the traditional testing pattern and has brought a wide impact on the international relevant fields. The European Union, the World Health Organization, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the Food and Drug Administration, and the National Center for Toxicological Research have organized relevant discussions and exploratory studies to address the new toxicity testing concept and how to evaluate and utilize the results of traditional toxicity test researches. Compared to the discussion, 'whether to do it’, ten years ago, the question, 'how to do it’, has become the concern of the current discussion. Therefore, how to respond to the concept of toxicity testing and how to effectively utilize and excavate traditional toxicity test data have been the focus of multi-disciplines and interdisciplinary academia such as toxicology, food hygiene and environmental science. Therefore, this article provides an overview of the exposure levels of dioxin, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and benzo[a]pyrene, which are typical persistent organic pollutants in food in China and the current research status of toxic pathways based on whole animal experiments. The exposure level, toxic effect and toxicity mechanism of three contaminants are analyzed and summarized in order to provide basis for future results based on the 21st century toxicity test compared with traditional tests and data mining analysis of these two kinds of data. Meanwhile, it also lays the foundation for the establishment of a toxicity testing framework based on exposure characteristics, toxic pathways, and biomarkers.

The protective effect of curcumin on the lipid peroxidation caused by lead poisoning in rat / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of curcumin on the lead burden in lead－exposed rats,and to study whether curcumin can influence the lipid peroxidation caused by lead exposure. Methods A total of 70 rats of 21－day－old rats were divided randomly to 7 groups,the control group was given normal diet and drinking water,the curcumin group was given curcumin only 1 month after normal drinking water being given;the other 5 lead－exposed groups were given 2 g/L of acetate lead in free drinking water for 1 month and then randomly divided into lead－ex﹣posed group,low,medium and high concentration curcumin groups and Dimercaptosuccinic acid( DMSA)group,rela﹣tively. Lead levels of lead－exposed rats were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,and commercial kit was used to detect antioxidant enzymes,and glutathione related enzymes and lipid peroxides. Results The lead concentrations in the blood,hippocampus,liver and kidney of lead－exposed group increased,the levels of each group were(221. 76 ± 12. 59)μg/L,(1. 10 ± 0. 11)μg/g,(1. 40 ± 0. 12)μg/g,(8. 26 ± 0. 47)μg/g, and(57. 58 ± 6. 09)μg/g,respectively;compared with the lead－exposed group,the lead concentrations reduced in the blood,hippocampus,liver and kidney significantly(F﹦90. 67,39. 07,27. 34,86. 04,all P﹦0. 000)in the curcu﹣min－treated group,while the effect of curcumin in the bones showed no significant difference between groups( F﹦5. 65,P﹦0. 230). Lead could significantly improve the level of lipid peroxides in the serum and hippocampus,and cur﹣cumin－treated groups could significantly reduce the level of lipid peroxidation( F﹦58. 03,19. 25,32. 27,24. 83,all P﹦0. 000)and(F﹦28. 18,33. 71,38. 95,32. 11,all P﹦0. 000);lead could also reduce the antioxidant enzyme activity in the serum and hippocampus;curcumin －treated groups could significantly increase the antioxidant enzyme activity (F﹦18. 24,78. 65,all P﹦0. 000)and(F﹦13. 68,17. 04,all P﹦0. 000),respectively. The concentration in the curcu﹣min group was better than that of DMSA group(P＜0. 05). Conclusions Curcumin can downregulate the lead concen﹣trations in the blood,hippocampus,liver and kidney and improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes,inhibit the oxida﹣tive stress induced by lead,and thus resist the lead－induced damage.

Inhibitory effect of FOXA2 on proliferation and tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of FOXA2 on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the tumorigenesis of nude mice, and to explore the effect of FOXA2 on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemistiy and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of FOXA2 in 35 pairs of hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and their matched paracancerous tissues. 293 T cells were used as controls to detect the expression level of FOX A 2 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2, SMMC-7721 and SK-Hep1) by real-time quantitative PCR. The lentivirus was transfected into HepG2 cells, and there were 3 groups including no virus group (Mock group) , negative control virus group (NC group) and FOXA2-transfected over-expression virus group (FOXA2 group). Plate clone assays were used to detect the effect of FOXA2 on the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro and nude mice tumor and formation assays to detect the tumor weight and tumor weight inhibition rate after FOX A2-transfected overexpression of lentivirus-infected cells. Results The results of immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression of FOXA2 in cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues (P < 0.01) , And the expression of FOXA2 in hepatoma cell lines (HepG2, SMMC-7721, SK-Hepl) was significantly lower than that of 293 T cells (P < 0.0001). After the lentivirus was transfected into HepG2 cells, the number of clones in the FOXA2 group was significantly less than that in the Mock group and the NC group (P < 0.05). The tumor formation of nude mice showed that the tumor weight of FOXA2 group was smaller than that of the corresponding blank control group and negative control group (P < 0.01).Conclusion FOXA2 is lowly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and cells, which has the effect of inhibiting the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro and the growth of tumors in nude mice in vivo.

Combination of Tumor Volume and Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Improved Prognostic Stratification of Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in the Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Era: A Large-Scale Cohort Study / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Little is known about combination of the circulating Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) DNA and tumor volume in prognosis of stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients in the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) era. We conducted this cohort study to evaluate the prognostic values of combining these two factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By Kaplan-Meier, we compare the differences of survival curves between 385 patients with different EBV DNA or tumor volume levels, or with the combination of two biomarkers mentioned above. RESULTS: Gross tumor volume of cervical lymph nodes (GTVnd, p 0 copy/mL, GTVtotal 0 copy/mL, GTVtotal ≥ 30 cm³). When patients in the low-risk group were compared with those in the high-risk group, 3-year PFS (p=0.003), LRFS (p=0.010), and DMFS (p=0.031) rates were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment plasma EBV DNA and tumor volume were both closely correlated with prognosis of stage II NPC patients in the IMRT era. Combination of EBV DNA and tumor volume can refine prognosis and indicate for clinical therapy.

Pretreatment Serum Amyloid A and C-reactive Protein Comparing with Epstein-Barr Virus DNA as Prognostic Indicators in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Prospective Study / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: The measuring Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA is an important predictor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study evaluated the predictive value of pretreatment serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) comparing with EBV DNA in patients with NPC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In an observational study of 419 non-metastatic NPC patients, we prospectively evaluated the prognostic effects of pretreatment SAA, CRP, and EBV DNA on survival. The primary end-point was progress-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: The median level of SAA and CRP was 4.28 mg/L and 1.88 mg/L, respectively. For the high-SAA group (> 4.28 mg/L) versus the low-SAA (≤ 4.28 mg/L) group and the high-CRP group (> 1.88 mg/L) versus the low-CRP (≤ 1.88 mg/L) group, the 5-year PFS was 64.5% versus 73.1% (p=0.013) and 65.2% versus 73.3% (p=0.064), respectively. EBV DNA detection showed a superior predictive result, the 5-year PFS in the EBV DNA ≥ 1,500 copies/mL group was obviously different than the EBV DNA < 1,500 copies/mL group (62.2% versus 77.8%, p < 0.001). Multifactorial Cox regression analysis confirmed that in the PFS, the independent prognostic factors were including EBV DNA (hazard ratio [HR], 1.788; p=0.009), tumour stage (HR, 1.903; p=0.021), and node stage (HR, 1.498; p=0.049), but the SAA and CRP were not included in the independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: The results of SAA and CRP had a certain relationship with the prognosis of NPC, and the prognosis of patients with high level of SAA and CRP were poor. However, the predictive ability of SAA and CRP was lower than that of EBV DNA.

Survey and evaluation on innovation ability of undergraduates in military medical university / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the innovation ability status of undergraduate students in Third Military Medical University,and put forward some effective suggestions.Methods A questionnaire was applied to survey the innovation ability status of undergraduate students in Third Military Medical University.A total of 210 valid questionnaires were collected.The questionnaires covered five aspects including undergraduate students' basic information,innovative consciousness,innovation thinking,innovation skills and basic knowledge.The results were assessed by using SPSS 19.0 statistical software for t-test or ANOVA of students from different grades,majors and academic years.Inspection level was α=0.05.Results The total score of innovation ability in undergraduates was (70.5 ± 8.2) point,and no significant difference was observed in the total score of undergraduates' innovation ability within different grades (P=0.435).However,the innovation thinking ability of undergraduates in Grade Four was significantly higher than that in Grade Two [(77.0 ± 10.7) vs.(72.6 ± 10.9),P=0.030)],and the score of basic knowledge of undergraduates in Grade One was significantly higher than that in Grade Four [(76.2 ± 6.0) vs.(69.3 ± 8.7),P=0.014)].The total score of innovation ability of undergraduates from clinical medicine was significantly higher that of undergraduates from preventive medicine and other majors [(72.5 ± 8.8) vs.(69.9 ± 7.5),P=0.035;(72.5 ± 8.8) vs.(66.7 ± 7.9),P=0.004].There were no significant differences in total score of innovation ability or score of any first level index of undergraduates between eight-and five-year system of preventive medicine (P＞0.05).Conclusion The overall innovation ability of undergraduates in military medical university was relatively high,and undergraduates from different grades,majors and academic years have their own special advantages in innovative consciousness,innovation thinking,innovation skills and basic knowledge,and it is necessary to carry out more researches focusing on educational and training mechanism of innovation ability according to the personality of undergraduates in military medical universities.